Understanding Spreads

The spread is one of the most fundamental concepts in trading, representing the difference between the bid (sell) price and the ask (buy) price of a financial instrument. As a key component of trading costs, understanding spreads is essential for both beginner and experienced traders.

What Is a Spread?

The spread is essentially the broker’s fee for executing your trade. It’s measured in pips (percentage in points) and varies depending on:

• Market liquidity (major currency pairs typically have tighter spreads)
• Market volatility (spreads widen during news events or low liquidity periods)
• Account type (ECN accounts have raw spreads + commission, while standard accounts have wider built-in spreads)

Types of Spreads:

• Fixed Spreads
  • Remain constant regardless of market conditions
  • Common with market maker brokers
  • Preferred by beginners for predictable, but larger costs
• Variable (Floating) Spreads
  • Fluctuate based on market liquidity
  • Typically tighter during normal market conditions
  • Can widen significantly during volatile periods

How to Calculate Spread

The formula is simple:

Spread = Ask Price – Bid Price

Example (EUR/USD):

• Bid Price: 1.1050
• Ask Price: 1.1052
• Spread = 1.1052 – 1.1050 = 0.0002 (2 pips)

For a standard lot (100,000 units), this 2-pip spread equals:

0.0002 × 100,000 = $20 cost per round turn

Why Spreads Matter:

• Directly impacts profitability – Tighter spreads mean lower trading costs
• Affects trading strategy viability – Scalping requires ultra-tight spreads
• Indicates market conditions – Widening spreads often signal increased volatility

Tips for Managing Spread Costs:

✓ Trade during peak liquidity hours (London/NY overlap)

✓ Avoid trading during major news releases when spreads widen

✓ Consider ECN accounts for tight spreads if you’re a high-volume trader

✓ Factor spread costs into your risk management strategy

Understanding spreads helps you make informed decisions about when to trade and which instruments to focus on for optimal cost efficiency.

📊 Pro Tip: Always check typical spreads for your preferred instruments before placing trades!